Praxis SLP Licensure Exam

In phonology, a phoneme is defined as?

1. A sound that carries meaning

2. A distinct unit of sound that can distinguish words

3. A combination of sounds that form a syllable

4. A vocal fold vibration pattern

The correct answer is: A distinct unit of sound that can distinguish words

A phoneme is fundamentally recognized as a distinct unit of sound that has the capacity to differentiate meaning between words. This definition underscores its significance in the structure of a language, as changing a phoneme can result in a change of word meaning, altering communication. For instance, altering the initial phoneme in the words “bat” and “cat” changes both the sound and the meaning of the words entirely. The focus on the ability of a phoneme to distinguish words highlights its crucial role in phonological processing and language comprehension. This characteristic of phonemes is what makes them a foundational element in understanding speech and language. The other definitions presented do not accurately capture the core concept of a phoneme. For example, while a sound that carries meaning may suggest a connection to morphemes or actual words, it is too broad and doesn't emphasize the distinguishing feature of phonemes. Similarly, the notion of a combination of sounds forming a syllable pertains more to phonotactics and syllable structure rather than the individual phoneme itself. The explanation of a vocal fold vibration pattern describes the physiological aspect of sound production, which is not specifically related to the phonemic identity within phonology.