Praxis SLP Licensure Exam

Which disorder is most likely indicated by a child demonstrating word-finding difficulties, comprehension deficits, and disorganized language along with attention and executive functioning deficits?

1. Traumatic brain injury

2. Cerebral palsy

3. Autism spectrum disorder

4. Down syndrome

The correct answer is: Traumatic brain injury

The characteristics described in the question, particularly word-finding difficulties, comprehension deficits, disorganized language, and attention and executive functioning deficits, align closely with the effects typically associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This condition can result from a blow to the head or a violent shaking of the head and body, leading to various cognitive and linguistic challenges. Children with TBI often experience difficulties in language processing due to damage to the areas of the brain responsible for language and executive functions. The resulting deficits can include not only problems with word retrieval and comprehension but also challenges in organizing thoughts, which manifests as disorganized language. Additionally, attention issues and deficits in executive functioning—such as planning, organization, and impulse control—are frequently reported in individuals who have suffered from a TBI. In contrast, while cerebral palsy may affect speech and language development due to motor difficulties, it does not typically present with cognitive deficits like those described. Autism spectrum disorder can involve language processing and executive functioning difficulties, but it is more associated with social communication deficits rather than the specific combination of issues outlined. Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability and may include speech and language challenges, but the pattern of attention and executive function deficits is not as pronounced as in TBI